103年計畫一、因應氣候變遷水源設施脆弱度盤查方法研究

因應氣候變遷水源設施脆弱度盤查方法研究

游保杉教授-水文分析組

  • 執行日期

103/02/22 至 103/12/15

  • 經費

$3,900,000 元

  • 委託單位

經濟部水利署水利規劃試驗所

  • 摘要

為因應台灣地區因氣候變遷所引發暴雨洪流,造成水源設施重大破壞而導致災害。本計畫目的擬以三年為期程,研究氣候變遷影響下可能最大降雨、流量的改變,並研擬評估水源設施脆弱度盤查的方法,以確實掌握氣候變遷下水源設施面臨的風險。

本年度(第一年度)計畫工作主要為蒐集國內外重大洪災事件、經驗公式、氣象數值模式及可能最大降雨推估等相關成果,評估因氣候變遷對降雨造成之影響與機制,進而建立模式,並以石門水庫、鯉魚潭水庫、曾文水庫為例模擬氣候變遷造成之影響。工作項目及內容共計六項,包含(1)國內外相關經驗與文獻蒐集:蒐集國內外近年(近五年以上)因氣候變遷造成之極端水文事件、模擬氣候變遷的相關經驗、公式與氣象數值模式及可能最大降雨、流量推估方法與成果。(2)氣候變遷對極端水文事件及水源設施之影響:研討氣候變遷對極端水文事件如可能最大降雨、流量及水源設施之影響。(3)建置模擬模式:建置模式進行情境模擬,模擬氣候變遷對極端水文事件如可能最大降雨、流量之影響。(4)可能最大降雨與流量推估方法初研:蒐集、彙整、初步評析國內外可能最大降雨與流量推估方法之優劣。(5)案例分析:以石門水庫、鯉魚潭水庫、曾文水庫為案例分析,推估氣候變遷下影響下可能最大雨量及流量。(6)工作簡報及報告編印:期初、期中、期末簡報及不定期工作會報與報告編印。本年度計畫期藉由研討氣候變遷對極端水文事件之影響,建置模式模擬氣候變遷對可能最大降雨與可能最大洪水之影響,以順利接續第二年度起計畫之推動(即水源設施脆弱度盤查與氣候變遷下水源設施風險評估)。

關鍵字:氣候變遷、可能最大降雨、可能最大洪水、脆弱度盤查

103年計畫二、因應糧食安全之農業水資源經營策略-評估氣候變遷對乾旱風險之衝擊

因應糧食安全之農業水資源經營策略-評估氣候變遷對乾旱風險之衝擊

游保杉教授-水文分析組

  • 執行日期

103/04/01 至 103/12/31

  • 經費

$161,500 元

  • 委託單位

農委會

  • 摘要

本計畫進行乾旱缺水指標之改良與整合,改良後指標可準確量化乾旱缺水事件之特性並應用於評估氣候變遷對於水資源系統之衝擊。首先,本計畫針對三個基本的單一型乾旱缺水指標(可靠度、脆弱度與回復度)進行單調性測試,測試結果指出脆弱度與回復度具有不單調特性,其結果可能為錯誤資訊。因此,本計畫提出修正脆弱度(Vuls)與修正回復度(Resw),並測試其單調特性,測試結果指出修正脆弱度具有良好單調特性,而修正回復度仍不具單調特性,但其不單調行為有受到明顯抑制。本計畫整合可靠度、修正脆弱度與修正回復度為水短缺指標,該指標屬於複合型乾旱缺水指標可提供更多乾旱事件訊息,包含缺水延時、強度與數量等。此外,本計畫亦針對此複合型指標與另兩個常見之複合型指標(永續指標與乾旱風險指標)進行單調性測試,測試結果指出僅本計畫提出之複合型指標具有良好之單調行為,故本計畫應用水短缺指標以評估氣候變遷對於乾旱之衝擊。衝擊分析結果指出:若僅考慮氣候變遷之影響,未來18個情境案例中僅4個情境案例之缺水情況會比基期之缺水情況嚴重,其機率約為22.2% (4/18);若同時考慮氣候變遷與水庫淤積之影響,未來18個情境案例中則有12個情境案例之缺水情況比基期之缺水情況嚴重,其機率約為66.7% (12/18)。

  •  Abstract

In this project, innovative drought indices are developed to accurately quantify the characteristics of drought events and their possible impacts to the water resources system of the Tsengwen Reservoir of Taiwan. We applied a monotonic test to three fundamental single drought indices, namely reliability, vulnerability and resilience, to demonstrate that indices showing non-monotonic behaviour can potentially give misleading information regarding the effects of drought to water resources systems. We further tested two newly proposed single drought indices, Vuls and Resw, to the study site, of which Vuls showed monotonic behaviour but Resw still behaved non-monotonically, even though in a suppressed manner. Next, we proposed and tested three composite drought indices, sustainability index (SI), drought risk index (DRI) and the water shortage index (WSI), of which only the WSI behaved monotonically. As a result, WSI was applied to investigate the potential impact of climate change to the future drought risk of the study site. On the basis of WSI values derived from runoffs simulated by the modified HBV and a reservoir operation (water balance) model driven with 18 sets of climate changes scenarios of IPCC (2007) statistically downscaled using the MarkSim GCM model, it seems that there is a 20% chance that climate change impact could lead to more severe droughts in the study site. However, under the combined impact of climate change and the effect of sedimentation to the Tsengwen Reservoir, which could decrease its storage capacity by about 12% (i.e., s = 0.88), it seems more severe drought impacts will increase to 2/3 of the 18 test cases.